What did the case Graham v. Connor establish regarding the use of force?

The case Graham v. Connor established the standard of "objective reasonableness" when evaluating the use of force by law enforcement officers. The ruling created a framework that focuses on whether an officer's use of force was reasonable at the moment it was applied, considering the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the benefit of hindsight. This approach allows for a balanced assessment that accounts for the circumstances officers face in the line of duty.

While the other options refer to various legal concepts regarding the use of force, none align precisely with the fundamental principles established by Graham v. Connor. The case emphasizes the importance of assessing the reasonableness of an officer's actions based on the immediate situation, rather than positing an absolute necessity, a specific prong test, or requiring judicial oversight prior to the use of force.