Which of the following are elements of a crime?

The correct answer identifies the foundational elements of a crime, which include actus reus, mens rea, and causation.

Actus reus refers to the actual physical act or conduct that constitutes the criminal offense. It is essential because it demonstrates that a crime has taken place through action or inaction.

Mens rea denotes the mental state or intent of the person committing the crime. This element is crucial as it helps determine the level of culpability or blameworthiness of the individual, differentiating between intentional acts and those done with less culpability, such as negligence.

Causation is the relationship between the actus reus and the harm that results; it establishes that the act directly caused the outcome in question, such as a victim's injury or death. This element ensures that there is a clear connection between the criminal act and its consequences.

Together, these three components create a comprehensive framework for understanding and prosecuting criminal conduct. Without establishing all three elements, a crime cannot be fully substantiated in legal contexts.